Articles

Courts are beginning to decide whether AI prompts used for litigation are protected work product. The emerging rule turns on who created them, why,...

A void judgment may remain visible in the court record even though it never acquired legal force. A practical guide to jurisdiction, collateral attack,...

Budget shortfalls are not blank checks. Learn how to challenge property assessments, vehicle registration errors, utility-rate increases, tolls, transit fares, and agency-created fees through...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. Defective service can be serious, but service does not operate through an automatic “collapse of jurisdiction” rule....

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. This article has been revised to state the scope of Monell precisely. Monell does not make every...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. Federal courts do not categorically refuse every case connected to family court. They do, however, apply several...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. FOIA applies to federal executive-branch agencies. State and local records are governed by each state’s public-records or...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. This article has been revised to separate what Title IV-D funding documents actually establish from legal conclusions...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. This article has been revised to reflect Coney Island Auto Parts Unlimited, Inc. v. Burton, 607 U.S....

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. An income withholding order is not automatically void merely because it was generated or transmitted administratively. Validity...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. Mandamus is not a demand that automatically compels a ruling. It is a discretionary, extraordinary remedy requiring...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. 28 U.S.C. § 1657 gives certain federal civil actions priority. It does not impose a universal decision...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. This article arose from the author’s motion concerning a filing-restriction or “curb” order. It has been revised...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. Service, notice, personal jurisdiction, and voidness are related but not interchangeable. The result depends on the governing...

Status update — reviewed August 7, 2026. This event occurred on October 14, 2025. The original Zoom meeting information is archived and should not...

Status update — reviewed August 7, 2026. The Supreme Court proceeding described in the original announcement is no longer pending. The public docket shows...

Status update — reviewed August 7, 2026. This article originally announced an intention to seek Supreme Court relief. The later filing and disposition are...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. This is the author’s personal account and advocacy. Assertions of fraudulent service, unconstitutional enforcement, bias, or financial...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. Modern service is governed by constitutions, statutes, and court rules—not by a universal conflict between “common-law service”...

Accuracy review — August 7, 2026. Court procedure comes from several sources: constitutions, legislatures, rulemaking bodies, courts, and local rules. The controlling source depends...

Accuracy review — August 7, 2026. Certified mail can document mailing and delivery events, but it does not automatically constitute valid service of process,...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. “Belligerent claimant” is not a recognized legal status that gives a litigant special jurisdictional rights or exempts...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. Rooker-Feldman and Younger are distinct doctrines. Neither means that every federal civil-rights claim connected to state proceedings...

Accuracy review — August 7, 2026. An attorney’s unsworn argument is generally not evidence. But attorney statements can still have legal significance as stipulations,...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. The Supreme Court’s 2024 Jarkesy decision is important but narrow. It does not broadly invalidate administrative agencies,...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. The 1997 IRS memorandum does not specifically label fathers as noncustodial parents. Its subject is whether confidential...

Accuracy review — August 7, 2026. The Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable government searches and seizures. State constitutions can provide equal or broader protection,...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. Bell v. Burson protects procedural due process before certain driver’s-license suspensions. It does not guarantee reinstatement, establish...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. State district, family, and probate courts are judicial courts created by state constitutions and statutes. Calling them...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. Crandall v. Nevada did not create a general right to file every court action without fees. It...

Accuracy review — August 7, 2026. A properly documented notice can prove what was sent, when, by whom, and sometimes received. It does not...

Accuracy review — August 7, 2026. The Fourth Amendment protects people against unreasonable government searches and seizures. It does not require a warrant for...

Accuracy review — August 7, 2026. Court reporters and clerks can make mistakes, but a discrepancy is not automatically fraud or misconduct. Correction procedures...

Accuracy review — August 7, 2026. Court rules and professional-responsibility rules promote fair procedure and ethical conduct, but a bar or judicial-misconduct complaint is...

Accuracy update — reviewed August 7, 2026. Habeas corpus is principally a remedy for unlawful custody or detention. A garnishment, driver’s-license suspension, passport restriction,...